Stud arrangement and method

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a stud system where each respective stud ( 2 ) includes flanges ( 4, 4   a ) which are directly attached to each other and which constitute an essentially monolithic entity. Said flanges are formed of a wane edge wood material ( 3 ) in such a manner that each respective flange includes a bevelled side portion ( 6 ) which is directed towards the inner portion of said stud. A side portion is formed as a contact surface ( 8 ) for intermeshing co-operation with a corresponding contact surface ( 8 ) at an adjacent flange. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such studs where a first flange strip ( 4 ) is formed to include a generally toothed first contact surface ( 8 ) which is arranged in an inter-mesching disposition with a corresponding contact surface ( 8 ) at a corresponding second flange strip ( 4   a ). Further, the present invention relates to a method at such stud systems. A side portion of respective opposite flanges ( 4, 4   a ) are formed to include longitudinal tongue structures and two opposite flanges ( 4, 4   a ) are compressed so that said opposite tongue structures will be positioned in a mutually intermeshing disposition.

[0001] The present invention relates to a stud system wherein each respective stud includes mutually attached flanges which form an essentially monolithic entity, where said flanges are formed of a wood material so that respective flanges include a longitudinally extending side portion which has a beveled cross section and which is directed towards the inside of the stud. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing studs or the like generally elongated pieces which include opposite flanges, which flanges are formed of a wood material and are glued together in order to constitute a monolithic entity. Further, the present invention relates to a method at stud systems including corresponding studs.

[0002] Prior art knows different stud systems made of relatively thin sheet metal, wherein the studs usually are designed to have a generally U-shaped cross section. Such studs are utilized especially for frame structures for partitional walls and the like structures, where wall panels based on,. e.g., waste wood or especially gypsum are attached, for example by screwing, to the flanges of the vertically erected studs. Such studs are usually attached essentially vertically between corresponding horizontal studs which are arranged at the floor and the ceiling, respectively, in a space where the partitional wall will be erected. Metal studs, however, cause some problems and drawbacks which have been discussed in more detail elsewhere, and instead it has been proposed that corresponding studs could be made of, for example, wood.

[0003] One object of the present invention is to provide a stud system where small dimension wood and such wane edge wood material also can be utilized, which traditionally cannot be used for full value wood products.

[0004] Another object is to disclose such a stud arrangement where the natural properties of wood are used in the best possible manner and i.e. are utilized in order to keep the stud straight and without twisting.

[0005] A further object is to utilize in an optimal manner the available wood material and at the same time to provide a stud system wherein a mutual connection of studs in horizontal and, respectively, vertical direction is facilitated by the design of the stud profile, this without, however, a risk for cracks in the material for this reason.

[0006] These and other objects are reached in accordance with the present invention by means of arrangements and methods having characteristics which are disclosed in the appended claims. Especially, the stud system in accordance with the present invention is characterized in that a side portion at each respective stud flange is designed as a contact surface for an intermeshing co-operation with a corresponding contact surface at an adjacent flange. Again, the inventive method for manufacturing studs is characterized in that the respective stud flange is designed in form of a first flange strip which includes a first contact surface which in cross section is generally toothed and which is arranged in a finger-like intermeshing fashion with a second contact surface having a corresponding shape and which is located at a second flange strip which is designed in a generally corresponding manner. Further, a method in connection with the stud system is characterized in that side portions at the respective opposite flanges are formed to include longitudinally extending tongue and groove structures, after which respective two opposite flanges are pressed together in such a way that opposite tongue and, respectively, groove structures will be positioned in a mutually intermeshing engagement.

[0007] Hereafter some favorable embodiments of the present invention will be discussed in more detail as examples and with reference to the appended drawings wherein

[0008]FIG. 1 generally in section discloses how a timber block for use as studs in accordance with the present invention can be taken out also from round timber having a dimension which is too small for providing full edge studs of a conventional type,

[0009]FIG. 2 in a perspective view discloses how material for studs in accordance with the present invention can be formed of the material in wane edge waste wood out-side boards obtained when heavier timber logs are sawn,

[0010]FIG. 3 in section generally discloses the general principle of the present invention, as well as a stud profile in approximately natural size and shaped according to one embodiment of the present invention,

[0011] FIG.4 in the same manner in section discloses a stud profile according to an especially favorable embodiment of the present invention,

[0012]FIG. 5 section discloses how both flange strips at another especially favorable stud profile according to a further embodiment of the present invention can be taken out from a wane edge batten by means of an especially shaped edge means,

[0013]FIG. 6 in section discloses how a flange element of a somewhat heavier type is taken out from a heavier wane edge plank or from an essentially half-round timber block,

[0014]FIG. 7 in section discloses a ready made stud which is composed of flange elements in accordance with FIG. 6,

[0015]FIG. 8 in perspective discloses a portion of a stud in accordance with FIG. 7,

[0016]FIG. 9 in section discloses an alternative embodiment of the present invention,

[0017]FIG. 10 also in section discloses a further stud profile in accordance with the present invention,

[0018]FIG. 11 in perspective discloses the general structure of a stud framing based on studs according to one embodiment of the present invention,

[0019]FIG. 12 discloses the attachment between a vertical stud and a horizontal stud in accordance with a favorable embodiment of the present invention, in order to achieve, e.g., a stud framing as disclosed in FIG. 12, and

[0020]FIG. 13 in more detail discloses the structure and function of an alternative connector piece for use in accordance with the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 12.

[0021] Round timber 1 in accordance with FIG. 1 includes an outer bark layer within which the timber has a generally ring-like structure based on the yearly growth. Due to this structure wood material has many good specific properties but also, seen from a rational building industry viewpoint, a rather unpractical shape. Thus, a full edge timber block must be sized taking in account the shape of the round timber, which gives much waste of wood material having equally good mechanical properties as the full edge timber material, if not in some cases even better.

[0022] In FIG. 1 the above fact has been illustrated in such a way that a full edge timber block referred to as 2 a and having a size which corresponds to the practical maximum size which can be taken out from the round timber dimension disclosed has been indicated in phantom on said round timber block 1. For the sake of simplicity it is here assumed that said timber block corresponds to, e.g., a stud dimension of 45×95 millimeters which is a common dimension for a stud which is planed from a 50×100 millimeter raw stud. In FIG. 1, as a comparison to this full edge stud 2 a the dimensions for such a full edge stud referred to as 2 has been indicated in semi-dotted line, which stud is composed of opposite flanges in accordance with the present invention and in the same way represents the maximum size which can be taken out from this same round timber 1 under utilization of the existing mass of wood. Further, in the Figure has been indicated under reference 3 the corresponding approximate dimensions for the usable mass of wood for this specific embodiment, and here the respective flange strips 4 and 4 a have been indicated in semi-dotted line which together constitute a compound stud 2 in accordance with the present invention.

[0023] The comparison clearly indicates that by means of the present invention a considerably thicker structurally full edge stud can be obtained from the same timber 1, which stud has a width and, respectively, height which normally in relation to corresponding measures for a traditional full edge stud 2 a is larger in the order of 15 to 25% and in some cases even larger, depending, of course, on the individual shape of the cross section. Inversely, this also leads to the advantage that in order to provide composite studs having the same overall dimensions as compact studs one can utilize, in accordance with the present invention, timber having correspondingly smaller dimensions. Thus, by means of the present invention also such a material can be used for structurally important constructions, which material in accordance with prior art technology only could be used for secondary purposes or, in worst case, as firewood. For example, the bending strength for a stud is to a higher power depending on the dimension of the wood piece in a direction transverse to the bend, and thus the material at the full outer edges of a stud has a great importance for the bending strength. The material close to the central axis, again, lacks any essential importance for this strength. For this reason it is clear that such an insignificant reduction of the stud's functional cross area due to the groove which extends in the stud clearly is compensated by the advantages of a stud where the direction of the material as such provides a better bending strength and where the stud has better dimensional stability. Further, in fact this groove can be effectively used for attaching studs in a manner which earlier has been impossible without special additional measures. Thus, a stud in accordance with the present invention has a clear added value in relation to such full edge studs which merely have been taken out from the timber block 1.

[0024]FIG. 2 discloses another example of how flange material 4, 4 a can be taken out from a timber block, in this case a wane edge plank 5 of a suitable thickness which has been obtained when a full edge block 2 a has been sawn out from round timber 1.

[0025]FIG. 3 discloses an example of a stud 2 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. This stud includes two opposite flanges 4, 4 a having one respective side which is essentially straight while a second side portion shows a profile which includes i.a. a bevelled inner edge 6 and 6 a, respectively, between which edges is formed a generally wedge-shaped groove 7 which i.a. can be utilized for the attachment of the stud 2 as will be described in more detail below. Said flanges 4, 4 a are mutually directly interconnected along a contact surface 8. In accordance with the present invention this contact surface 8 includes a profiling 9 which is generally toothed in cross section and, respectively, has a tongue-and-groove structure in the longitudinal direction so that the profiles at respective opposite flanges 4, 4 a can be brought into a close mutual intermeshing relationship. FIG. 3 further discloses that the respective co-operating flange strip 4, 4 a favorably is designed as piece which in cross section is slantingly but otherwise essentially rectangular and in some cases square, so that said contact surface 8 is formed at a side which is adjacent to the tapered side 6, 6 a.

[0026] Thus, at a stud in accordance with the present invention said profiling 9 includes generally tongue- and, respectively, groove-like formations which extend in the stud's longitudinal direction. At both flanges 4, 4 a said formations include favorably at least 3 co-operating opposite engagement surfaces 10, 10′ and 10″, favorably so that said intermeshing surfaces are designed, in practice, to mutually interlock by means of the friction between the opposite surfaces. Favorably, said co-operating surfaces 10, 10′, 10″ are slightly inclined so that an angle α is in the order of 5° to 15°, favorably about 7°, between the surface planes and a plane which is transverse in relation to the general extent of the contact surface and extends in the longitudinal direction of the stud. Thus, in the embodiment disclosed in FIG. 3 the profiling 9 at each respective flange 4, 4 a comprises essentially planar slightly inclined engagement surfaces 10, 10′, 10″ which in cross section are arranged conically, but also other types of self-locking surface formations can be imagined within the inventive idea.

[0027] According to a favorable embodiment of the present invention two such opposite flange pieces 4, 4 a are interconnected by pressing the tongue-and-groove formations 9 of said contact surfaces 8 so that a locking is obtained between co-operating sides surfaces 10, 10′, 10″ of the tongues and the grooves. A glue is favorably provided at one or both surfaces, which glue connects the flanges 4, 4 a to a monolithic entity, i.e. the stud 2. At the same time the glue favorably acts as a lubricating means which facilitates the pressing together of the flanges 4, 4 a. Favorably, the contact surfaces 8 of the flanges are arranged in such a way that a sufficient locking between said surfaces 8 takes place already during the pressing so that the glue's consolidation can take place at a later stage, for example at its own pace after the studs 2 have been packed. Such a design facilitates a high manufacturing speed.

[0028] Due to the cooperation between the three self-locking intermeshing surfaces 10, 10′, 10″ the stud 2 itself maintains the straight shape into which it is forced during the compression of the flanges 4, 4 a. The flange material is favorably constituted by opposite portions of the same round timber 1 or wane edge block 5, and in this manner any inherent bending tendency of the wood material in one flange 4 is compensated by the fact that the opposite co-operating flange 4 a has an inherent bending tendency which is directed in the opposite direction. This stability in shape is achieved due to the co-operating intermeshing surface's three-dimensional character usually in both transverse directions of the stud. By means of an arrangement in accordance with the present invention the co-operating glue surfaces will be large, usually about 50% larger than for such planar contact surfaces which normally are used when strip-like wooden pieces are glued together, and this also increases the breaking strength.

[0029]FIG. 4 discloses an especially favorable embodiment of the present invention, wherein the generally wedge-like groove 7 between the inclined flange surfaces 6, 6 a has been supplemented with an additional groove 11 which extends in the longitudinal direction of the stud and essentially at the bottom of said groove 7. This additional groove 11, which is the object of a parallel patent application, extends in said groove 7 laterally into the flange material 4, 4 a, and thus the intersection between said groove 11 and the essentially planar bevelled flange inner side 6, 6 a constitutes a retaining edge 12 having a function which will be discussed later on.

[0030]FIG. 5 discloses how two respective co-operating flanges 4, 4 a by means of one or several specifically designed cutter blades 12 is suitably planed or milled from, e.g., a half-round basic material 5. By means of the active shape of the blade 12 the profiling 9 for the flange's 4, 4 a respective contact surfaces 8, 8 a are shaped so that they mutually co-operate to form a monolithic entity. The Figure also discloses the fact that the flange strips 4, 4 a according to the present invention favorably have an asymmetrical design which, again, provides a symmetrical end product.

[0031] By means of a carefully balanced design of the tongue-and-groove profiling 9 the wood material available in round timber 1 of different dimensions can be optimally utilized. In FIG. 1 it can be observed that the useful wood material which is referred to as 3 in fact, for the profile disclosed, is not quite centered in relation to the cross surface area of the round timber 1. In an according manner it sometimes is appropriate to make the tongue-and-groove profiling 9 at opposite sides of the wood material 3 instead of at the same side as disclosed, e.g., in FIG. 5. For certain profile designs the optimal profiling may be evenly distributed along the circumference of the round timber 1 so that each side of the timber is machined in order to form a straight flange edge 13, an slantingly profiled flange side 6, 6 a and a toothed contact surface 9. FIG. 6 discloses such an arrangement and further that flange strips 4, 4 a for studs 2 in accordance with the present invention can be formed of both naturally rounded wood material 3 a and of a wood material 3 which, for example, has been provided by splitting wane edge wood material. In FIG. 7 an example is disclosed in cross section of how a common stud of standard dimensions has been achieved by a profiling as disclosed in FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 discloses, as a perspective view, a section of the same stud, showing how the longitudinal groove 7 and the additional groove 11 run in the stud's 2 whole length. Usually it is appropriate to directly give the stud its final dimensions, but in some cases it may be of advantage to primarily dimension the studs to include, at least in one direction, a slightly larger dimension than the final one, in which case the stud, e.g., after the gluing is machined to obtain the final desired dimensions.

[0032]FIGS. 9 and 10 disclose examples of alternative embodiments of the present invention, wherein the stud flange profiles 4, 4 a include a generally toothed contact surface without the planar intermediate surfaces 14 which are typical for the other embodiments, see for example FIG. 6, and which extend between the co-operating intermeshing surfaces 10, 10′, 10″ generally parallel to one flange surface. Again, FIG. 10 discloses a stud profile having two opposite grooves 7, 7 a and, respectively, two opposite additional grooves 11, 11 a.

[0033]FIG. 11 generally discloses how a stud structure such as the framework for a partitional wall or the like is built up of studs 2 in accordance with the present invention. Here, the stud structure suitably includes generally vertical studs 2 b which at their ends are attached to horizontal studs 2 c which usually, but not always, are attached to the floor and the ceiling, respectively, in the space where the partitional wall will be erected. The Figure discloses a connection including special connector pieces or elements 15 which are generally wedge-shaped in two directions and which co-operate with said grooves 7 in said vertical and said horizontal studs 2 b and 2 c, respectively. These co-operating wedge-shaped connector pieces is are nailed, glued or attached in some other manner in the respective groove and they prevent said studs 2 b from displacement when wall boards 16 made of gypsum or the like are attached on said stud, usually by screwing them to the stud flanges 4, 4 a.

[0034]FIGS. 12 and 13 disclose an alternative attachment method which utilizes the additional groove 11 which has been mentioned above. In this embodiment a specially designed separate connector element 15 is utilized, which element extends in said additional groove 11 in a first stud 2 a and which, for example, by striking or turning is introduced so that one end 17 and/or edge 18 of said connector element 15 will be positioned in said additional groove 11 in a second stud 2 c, suitably behind said retaining edge 12. In some cases the introduction includes that said end 17 and/or a portion of said retaining edge 12 will be slightly deformed. By means of this arrangement a very rigid connection is achieved between vertical and horizontal studs 2 b and 2 c, respectively, while at the same time the connection with respect to its nature is such that the horizontal position of the vertical studs 2 b can be adjusted to some extent at a later stage by repositioning the stud in a lateral direction. In some embodiments the attachment arrangement disclosed renders possible that studs 2 b are detached also after the attachment.

[0035] Further, in some embodiments said connector element is can be used for attaching studs to each other in a parallel disposition and/or for attaching details such as electrical boxes, door frames and the like (not shown) to said studs 2, 2 b, 2 c. Here FIG. 13 discloses an example of an appropriately designed connector element 15 which includes both a longitudinally extending profiling 19 of an edge 18 which is favorably arranged for continuous intermeshing in the groove in a first stud 2 b, as well as an end profiling 20 for a corresponding intermeshing into a transverse second stud 2 c (not shown in the Figure). Since said connector element 15 favorably is double-sided and comprises two essentially identically shaped edges 18 it can also be used for attaching studs 2 b in a parallel manner as generally disclosed in FIG. 13.

[0036] Above some favorable embodiments of the present invention has been described with reference to certain examples, but for the professional it is clear that the invention is applicable also in many other ways within the scope of the appended claims. 

1. A stud system wherein each respective stud (2, 2 b, 2 c) includes flanges (4, 4 a) which are attached directly to each other and which constitute an essentially monolithic entity where said flanges (4, 4 a) are formed of a wane edge wood material (3) so that each respective flange (4, 4 a) includes a longitudinal first side portion (6, 6 a), which first side portion (6, 6 a) is bevelled in cross section and is directed towards the inside of the stud (2, 2 b, 2 c), while a second side portion adjoining said bevelled first side portion (6, 6 a) is designed to constitute a contact surface (8) for co-operation with a corresponding contact surface (8) at an adjacent flange (4 and 4 a, respectively), characterized in that said contact surfaces (8) at opposite flanges (4 and 4 a, respectively) include co-operative surface structures which constitute an intermeshing tongue-and-groove structure (9) interconnecting said opposite flanges (4 and 4 a, respectively).
 2. A stud system as defined in claim 1,. characterized in that said intermeshed tongue-and-groove structure (9) is designed to provide a locking between said contact surfaces (8) at opposite flanges (4 and 4 a, respectively), which locking favorably is based on the friction between longitudinally extending sides (10, 10′, 10″) of said tongue-and-groove structure (9), suitably so that said sides (10, 10′, 10″) are inclined 5° to 15°, favorably about 7° to a plane which is transverse in relation to the respective plane of said contact surfaces (8).
 3. A stud system as defined in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said respective flanges (4, 4 a) include a separate additional groove (11, 11 a) which is arranged in said opposite bevelled side portions (6, 6 a), wherein said groove (11, 11 a) is arranged for receiving a separate connector element (15) which favorably is longitudinally movable within said groove (11, 11 a).
 4. A method for manufacturing studs (2, 2 b, 2 c) or the like generally elongated pieces which include opposite flanges which are formed of a wane edge wood material (3) and are glued together to form a monolithic entity, characterized by forming each respective flange in the shape of a first flange strip (4, 4 a) which includes a first contact surface (8) having a generally toothed cross section, which surface is arranged in an finger-like intermeshing position in relation to a second contact surface (8) which is formed in a corresponding manner at a second flange strip (4 a) which has a generally corresponding shape.
 5. A method as defined in claim 4, characterized in that each respective co-operating flange strip (4, 4 a) is formed, with respect to its cross section, as a slantingly bevelled but otherwise essentially quadratic piece in such a manner that said contact surface (8) is formed at a side which is adjacent in relation to the bevelled cut side (6, 6 a).
 6. A method as defined in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said contact surface (8) with respect to its cross section is shaped as tongue- and, respectively, groove-like formations (9), favorably so that each respective strip edge includes at least three co-operating intermeshing surfaces (10, 10′, 10″) which favorably are inclined 5° to 15°, favorably about 7° with respect to a plane which is transverse in relation to the general plane of the contact surface (8).
 7. A method as defined in any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that said studs (2, 2 b, 2 c) primarily are dimensioned to include, at least in one direction, a slightly larger dimension than the final one, and that the stud (2, 2 b, 2 c) is machined after gluing so that it obtains its final desired dimensions.
 8. A method as defined in any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that at the adaptation of the strips to each other such strips are used which originally have had opposite positions in round timber (1), in order to impact in this manner on a change of shape in the final stud (2, 2 b, 2 c).
 9. A method at stud systems wherein each respective stud (2, 2 b, 2 c) includes flanges (4, 4 a) which are attached directly to each other and which constitute an essentially monolithic entity where said flanges (4, 4 a) are formed of wane edge wood material (3) in such a manner that each respective flange (4, 4 a) includes a longitudinal side portion (6, 6 a) which is bevelled with respect to its cross section, characterized in that one side portion at each respective opposite flange (4, 4 a) is formed to include longitudinally extending tongue and, respectively, groove structures (9), after which each respective opposite flanges (4, 4 a) are pressed together so that opposite tongue and, respective, groove structures (9) will be positioned in a mutual intermeshing disposition.
 10. A method as defined in claim 9, characterized in that longitudinally extending side portions (10, 10′, 10″) at the respective tongue and groove structure (9) is formed in such a manner that said intermeshing as such constitutes a force transmissive connection between said flanges (4, 4 a), suitably so that said connection at least partially is based on friction between said longitudinal side portions (10, 10′, 10″) of the mutually intermeshing tongues and, respectively, grooves (9), wherein said sides (10, 10′, 10″) suitably have an inclination of 5° to 15°, favorably about 7°, with respect to a plane which is transverse in relation to the general extent of said structure (9).
 11. A method as defined in claim 9 or 10, characterized in that an additional glue material is applied between said flanges (4, 4 a), suitably between said intermeshing tongue and, respectively, groove structures (9), favorably in the form of a means which facilitates an adaptation as well as a compression between said flanges (4, 4 a). 